Brian MP5T
11-14-2005, 08:02 PM
By no means is this the be all and end all of Nitrous Tech. This is a very complex subject, but what I have prepared is an introduction to be used as a reference to those who are interested.
"Nitrous Oxide"
http://partners.drivewerks.com/catalog/images/autometer/AM-3428.jpg
http://www.cobaltss.net/forums//images/smilies/icon_poke.gif
http://www.ctgilles.net/images/pictars/nitrous.jpg
Ok, hopefully we have a very good understanding of the OTTO Cycle engine; "Suck Squeeze, Bang, Blow"
If Not click this.. http://www.cobaltss.net/forums//showpost.php?p=99900&postcount=1
Lets talk about a very big and tempermental power adder.
Forced Induction (Either Turbo or Supercharger) build pressure to increase the number of atoms of Oxygen in the cylinder. This increase allows more fuel to be burned. Nitrous Oxide achieves the same goal in a very different way.
Air is made up of Nitrogen 78% and Oxygen 21% (Other Trace Gasses)
Nitrous is made up of Nitrogen 66% and Oxygen 33%
So you see by simply dumping Nitrous in the intake, it will displace some of the air and the engine will get more molecules of Oxygen for the same pressure. The end result is the same as a Forced induction, there is more Oxygen in the mixture.
"Why not use Pure Oxygen if your goal is simply to add Oxygen"
Many of us remember what happened in Chemistry class when a burning splint was blown out and placed in Oxygen. It lit again; this environment makes for a normal fire to turn almost explosive. Same reason why even in the 50's and 60's, you could not smoke near an Oxygen tent in a hospital. Any source of ignition would become dangerous in the environment. So Here it is, an engine creates heat, a hot engine is efficient but there is a he point where the components of the engine start to melt. Cooling systems remove and steady the heat in an engine to an operating temperature but are unable to deal with the spike in heat that oxygen would introduce. Oxygen also wears away at metal, basically Rusting and reducing its integrity. Oxygen, directly in an intake would turn a controlled explosion in a normal engine, into a much faster and destructive explosion. The tensile loading on the engine would increase exponentially just as in detonation plus the amount of heat that would be created would cook all the components inside near instantly. One of the reasons that Nitrous is used is that as the Nitrogen is stripped from the Oxygen, it absorbs heat from the immediate area. Just like a CO2 Canister gets cold on a paintball gun, Nitrous gets cold in the cylinder. You get the power and the heat remains almost unchanged. Expanding gas absorbs heat energy. The same principle in A/C and refrigeration systems.
Nitrous Oxide adds more molecules of Oxygen that will allow for more fuel to be burnt in the same cylinder. = More Power.
Oxygen is too volitile and will heat too much and destroy components. = Boom.
Here is a great read on N2O...
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/n2o/erratum.htm
Beacuse the Gas is in a Bottle in your car, It will eventually run out. Nitrous is not used for any type of endurance race. Turbos and Superchargers are normally used because they simply use the fule in the tank for the HP.
Quote Web Link.. Marshall Hiepler
"Although it does provide impressive power gains for naturally aspirated engines, the rate of depletion of a 10 - 20 lb bottle of nitrous oxide is rapid. Depending on the displacement of the engine, only 2 - 5 minutes of boost could be realized. It is for this reason, that the use of nitrous oxide is primarily confined to drag racing, street racing, and other short duration racing applications. Maximum acceleration is the primary objective for these sports, while endurance is not. These engines are designed with large intake and exhaust valves, and gas flow passages for maximum rpm - which is where the power plant will spend the majority of its time; however briefly. The Nitrous bottle is plumbed to an electric solenoid valve which permits nitrous oxide to flow in a liquid state into the engine's air intake manifold via precise orifices to control flow. These orifices are engineered to deliver a measured supply of the liquid nitrous oxide, which has been calculated to be appropriate for wide open throttle only. The nitrous oxide changes state immediately upon injection into the intake manifold, thus affording the advantages of its latent heat factor, as you described. These advantages are numerous, as you also mentioned, the most notable being the change in charge density. The overall density of the fuel/air mixture being drawn into the combustion chamber increases sharply as the nitrous oxide changes from liquid to a gas within the intake passage. Most engine builders will incorporate an additional means of simultaneously enrichening the fuel to air ratio, so as to take full advantage of the extra oxygen that is released by the nitrous oxide during combustion. Furthermore, the reduced temperature of the intake charge allows for an increased compression ratio that would otherwise not be possible, due to the pre-detonation of the charge during the compression stroke. Pre-detonation must be avoided at all cost, as it is extremely damaging to most race engines. In addition to the advantages gained with the use of higher compression ratios, an effective alternative is to pressurize the intake charge. This is often done with a turbo-charger which takes advantage of the expansion of the exhaust gases as they exit the combustion chamber. Although heating of the intake charge is a negative drawback commonly associated with the turbo-charging of engines, this factor is effectively negated when used in conjunction with nitrous oxide injection."
http://www.furoracing.com/images/FOGGER%20install.jpg
"Nitrous Oxide"
http://partners.drivewerks.com/catalog/images/autometer/AM-3428.jpg
http://www.cobaltss.net/forums//images/smilies/icon_poke.gif
http://www.ctgilles.net/images/pictars/nitrous.jpg
Ok, hopefully we have a very good understanding of the OTTO Cycle engine; "Suck Squeeze, Bang, Blow"
If Not click this.. http://www.cobaltss.net/forums//showpost.php?p=99900&postcount=1
Lets talk about a very big and tempermental power adder.
Forced Induction (Either Turbo or Supercharger) build pressure to increase the number of atoms of Oxygen in the cylinder. This increase allows more fuel to be burned. Nitrous Oxide achieves the same goal in a very different way.
Air is made up of Nitrogen 78% and Oxygen 21% (Other Trace Gasses)
Nitrous is made up of Nitrogen 66% and Oxygen 33%
So you see by simply dumping Nitrous in the intake, it will displace some of the air and the engine will get more molecules of Oxygen for the same pressure. The end result is the same as a Forced induction, there is more Oxygen in the mixture.
"Why not use Pure Oxygen if your goal is simply to add Oxygen"
Many of us remember what happened in Chemistry class when a burning splint was blown out and placed in Oxygen. It lit again; this environment makes for a normal fire to turn almost explosive. Same reason why even in the 50's and 60's, you could not smoke near an Oxygen tent in a hospital. Any source of ignition would become dangerous in the environment. So Here it is, an engine creates heat, a hot engine is efficient but there is a he point where the components of the engine start to melt. Cooling systems remove and steady the heat in an engine to an operating temperature but are unable to deal with the spike in heat that oxygen would introduce. Oxygen also wears away at metal, basically Rusting and reducing its integrity. Oxygen, directly in an intake would turn a controlled explosion in a normal engine, into a much faster and destructive explosion. The tensile loading on the engine would increase exponentially just as in detonation plus the amount of heat that would be created would cook all the components inside near instantly. One of the reasons that Nitrous is used is that as the Nitrogen is stripped from the Oxygen, it absorbs heat from the immediate area. Just like a CO2 Canister gets cold on a paintball gun, Nitrous gets cold in the cylinder. You get the power and the heat remains almost unchanged. Expanding gas absorbs heat energy. The same principle in A/C and refrigeration systems.
Nitrous Oxide adds more molecules of Oxygen that will allow for more fuel to be burnt in the same cylinder. = More Power.
Oxygen is too volitile and will heat too much and destroy components. = Boom.
Here is a great read on N2O...
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/n2o/erratum.htm
Beacuse the Gas is in a Bottle in your car, It will eventually run out. Nitrous is not used for any type of endurance race. Turbos and Superchargers are normally used because they simply use the fule in the tank for the HP.
Quote Web Link.. Marshall Hiepler
"Although it does provide impressive power gains for naturally aspirated engines, the rate of depletion of a 10 - 20 lb bottle of nitrous oxide is rapid. Depending on the displacement of the engine, only 2 - 5 minutes of boost could be realized. It is for this reason, that the use of nitrous oxide is primarily confined to drag racing, street racing, and other short duration racing applications. Maximum acceleration is the primary objective for these sports, while endurance is not. These engines are designed with large intake and exhaust valves, and gas flow passages for maximum rpm - which is where the power plant will spend the majority of its time; however briefly. The Nitrous bottle is plumbed to an electric solenoid valve which permits nitrous oxide to flow in a liquid state into the engine's air intake manifold via precise orifices to control flow. These orifices are engineered to deliver a measured supply of the liquid nitrous oxide, which has been calculated to be appropriate for wide open throttle only. The nitrous oxide changes state immediately upon injection into the intake manifold, thus affording the advantages of its latent heat factor, as you described. These advantages are numerous, as you also mentioned, the most notable being the change in charge density. The overall density of the fuel/air mixture being drawn into the combustion chamber increases sharply as the nitrous oxide changes from liquid to a gas within the intake passage. Most engine builders will incorporate an additional means of simultaneously enrichening the fuel to air ratio, so as to take full advantage of the extra oxygen that is released by the nitrous oxide during combustion. Furthermore, the reduced temperature of the intake charge allows for an increased compression ratio that would otherwise not be possible, due to the pre-detonation of the charge during the compression stroke. Pre-detonation must be avoided at all cost, as it is extremely damaging to most race engines. In addition to the advantages gained with the use of higher compression ratios, an effective alternative is to pressurize the intake charge. This is often done with a turbo-charger which takes advantage of the expansion of the exhaust gases as they exit the combustion chamber. Although heating of the intake charge is a negative drawback commonly associated with the turbo-charging of engines, this factor is effectively negated when used in conjunction with nitrous oxide injection."
http://www.furoracing.com/images/FOGGER%20install.jpg