I am the Original owner of a 2006 Chevy Cobalt SS Supercharged. Just hit 100K Miles
Injen Cold Air Intake
GM Performance Catback Exhaust
GM Stage II Kit
The only MAJOR component that has been replaced would be the water pump.
I had been experiencing massive idle surge to the point where the car would die at idle with the clutch fully disengaged. To correct this issue...
Cleaned cold air intake/filter
Cleaned Throttle Body
Replaced Mass Air Flow Sensor (the replaced MAS was perfectly clean)
At this point, my cobalt generated P0171 System Too Lean Bank 1
Swapped back to original MAS (still generated code) so swapped back to REPLACEMENT MAS
Replaced Throttle Body Gasket
Fuel injector cleaner in the tank
Used Sea Foam on Intake
Replaced both O2 Sensors
Replaced Battery
I am thinking the injectors could use some love along with replacing the fuel filter to see if this would fix the P0171 code. If these steps do not work, what would you all suggest I do to solve this problem?

 

It’s suffering from lack of fuel. As long as you have the parts cannon fired up, a fuel filter would be smart.
I would be measuring the fuel pressure. As well as looking at the fuel trims to get an idea of what’s going on.
Fuel pump could be dying. Etc.

Bought my 06 SS/SC new as well and also has just over 100k miles.

 

Since the original post, I have...
replaced fuel filter
took out the throttle body again and really cleaned it up

I cleared out the code and I am waiting for it to come back up again so I can pull the data. I have driven it a few times since, and it has yet to pop back up with a code. I am thinking with the stage 2 kit and the cold air intake, it may require a tune. The only "tune" it has received was from American Chevrolet when the Stage 2 kit was installed.